Application of Catalyst Synthesis from Coal Fly Ash for Plastic Waste Pyrolysis Process

Abstract

The pyrolysis process is an effective method for removing plastic waste while also yielding valuable by-products like fuel oil. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the pyrolysis process using electricity as a heat source for the system and using synthetic coal fly ash as a reaction catalyst in the pyrolysis process of polystyrene type plastic (Polystyrene: PS). The pyrolysis experiment encompasses four conditions: the first condition involves no catalyst (No Catalyst), the second condition utilizes un-synthesized coal fly ash (CFA) as the reaction catalyst, the third condition employs synthetic fly ash as the catalyst at a temperature of 90˚C (C90), and the fourth condition employs synthetic fly ash as the catalyst at a temperature of 120˚C (C120). These conditions were tested while substituting 10 grams of plastic, and the removal efficiency within one hour was measured. Simultaneously, the physico-chemical properties of the oil produced through the pyrolysis process were examined.

Based on the experimental findings, the initial temperature for oil distillation and the maximum oil yields in conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4 are as follows: 176˚C and 59mL, 142˚C and 58mL, 136˚C and 63mL, and 109˚C and 67mL, respectively. The acidity-alkalinity test results indicate pH values of 4.9, 4.7, 5.7, and 5.3 for conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Additionally, the viscosity values at 40°C are as follows: No Catalyst = 3.1208 cSt, CFA = 2.2892 cSt, C90 = 2.1958 cSt, and C120 = 2.5625 cSt. The density at 15˚C is recorded as: No Catalyst = 0.9189 g/ml, CFA = 0.9158 g/ml, C90 = 0.9022 g/ml, and C120 = 0.9144 g/ml. Furthermore, the specific gravity at 15.6˚C is reported as: No Catalyst = 0.9190, CFA = 0.9162, C90 = 0.9031, and C120 = 0.9153, which is similarly comparable to the properties of diesel.

ການກຳຈັດຂີ້ເຫຍືອປຼາດສະຕິກດ້ວຍຂະບວນການໄພໂຣໄລຊີດ (pyrolysis process) ເປັນວິທີທີ່ຊ່ວຍກຳຈັດຂີ້ເຫຍື້ອປຼາດສະຕິກຢ່າງມີປະສິດທິຜົນແລ້ວ ຍັງສາມາດໄດ້ຜົນຜະລິດຂ້າງຄຽງ ທີ່ເປັນປະໂຫຍດ ກໍ່ຄືນໍ້າມັນເຊື້ອໄຟນັ້ນເອງ. ສະນັ້ນ, ຈຸດປະສົງຂອງບົດຄົ້ນຄວ້ານີ້ສຶກສາເຖິງຂະບວນໄພໂຣໄລຊິດໂດຍໃຊ້ພະລັງງານໄຟຟ້າເປັນຕົວສະໜອງພະລັງງານຄວາມຮ້ອນໃຫ້ແກ່ລະບົບ ແລະ ນໍາໃຊ້ຂີ້ເຖົ່າລອຍສັງເຄາະມາເປັນຕົວເລັ່ງປະຕິກິລິຍາໃນຂະບວນການໄພໂຣໄລຊິດປຼາດສະຕິກປະເພດໂພລີສະໄຕລີນ (Polystyrene: PS). ການທົດລອງຂະບວນໄພໂຣໄລຊິດແບ່ງເປັນ 4 ສະພາວະຄືື: ສະພາວະທີ 1 ບໍ່ໃສ່ຕົວເລັ່ງປະຕິກິລິຍາ (No Catalyst), ສະພາວະທີ 2 ໃສ່ຕົວເລັ່ງປະຕິກິລິຍາຂີ້ເຖົ່າລອຍທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ສັງເຄາະ (CFA), ສະພາວະທີ 3 ໃສ່ຕົວເລັ່ງປະຕິກິລິຍາຂີ້ເຖົ່າລອຍທີ່ສັງເຄາະໃນອຸນຫະພູມ 90˚C (C90) ແລະ ສະພາວະທີ 4 ໃສ່ຕົວເລັ່ງປະຕິກິລິຍາຂີ້ເຖົ່າລອຍທີ່ສັງເຄາະໃນອຸນຫະພູມ 120˚C (C120) ໃນການຍ່ອຍປຼາດສະຕິກ 100g ພາຍໃນ 1 ຊົ່ວໂມງ.  ພ້ອມກັນນັ້ນໄດ້ສຶກສາຄຸນລັກສະນະທາງຟີຊີກ-ເຄມີ ຂອງນໍ້າມັນທີ່ໄດ້ຈາກຂະບວນການໄພໂຣໄລຊີດ.

ຈາກຜົນການທົດລອງ, ເຫັນວ່າອຸນຫະພຸມເລີ່ມຕົ້ນທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ນ້ຳມັນເລີ່ມກັ່ນຕົວອອກມາ ແລະ ປະລິມານນ້ຳມັນສູງສຸດທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບ ໃນສະພາວະທີ 1, 2, 3 ແລະ 4 ແມ່ນ: 176˚C ແລະ 59mL, 142˚C ແລະ 58mL, 136˚C ແລະ 63mL, 109˚C ແລະ 67mL, ຕາມລໍາດັບ. ຜົນຂອງການກວດຄ່າຄວາມເປັນອາຊິດ-ດ່າງຂອງນໍ້າມັນໃນ 4 ສະພາວະແມ່ນ pH = 4.9, pH =4.7, pH = 5.7 ແລະ pH = 5.3, ຕາມລໍາດັບ.ໃນຂະນະທີ່ຄ່າຄວາມໜືດທີ່ອຸນຫະພູມ 40°C ແມ່ນ No Catalyst = 3.1208cSt, CFA = 2.2892 cSt, C90 = 2.1958 cSt, C120 = 2.5625 cSt. ຄ່າຄວາມໜາແໜ້ນທີ່ອຸນຫະພູມ 15˚C ແມ່ນ No catalyst = 0.9189g/ml, CFA = 0.9158g/ml, C90 = 0.9022g/ml, C120 = 0.9144g/ml ແລະ ຄວາມຖ່ວງຈຳເພາະທີ່ອຸນຫະພູມ 15.6˚C No Catalyst = 0.9190, CFA = 0.9162, C90 = 0.9031, C120 = 0.9153 ເຊິ່ງມີຄວາມໄກ້ຄຽງກັບຄຸນລັກສະນະຂອງນ້ຳມັນກາຊ່ວນ.